4 JavaScript Design Patterns You Should Know

https://scotch.io/bar-talk/4-javascript-design-patterns-you-should-know

The design patterns in question include the following:

• Module
• Prototype
• Observer
• Singleton

1) Module

var Exposer = (function() {
  var privateVariable = 10;

  var privateMethod = function() {
    console.log('Inside a private method!');
    privateVariable++;
  }

  var methodToExpose = function() {
    console.log('This is a method I want to expose!');
  }

  var otherMethodIWantToExpose = function() {
    privateMethod();
  }

  return {
      first: methodToExpose,
      second: otherMethodIWantToExpose
  };
})();

Exposer.first();        // Output: This is a method I want to expose!
Exposer.second();       // Output: Inside a private method!
Exposer.methodToExpose; // undefined

2) Prototype

var TeslaModelS = function() {
  this.numWheels    = 4;
  this.manufacturer = 'Tesla';
  this.make         = 'Model S';
}

TeslaModelS.prototype = function() {

  var go = function() {
    // Rotate wheels
  };

  var stop = function() {
    // Apply brake pads
  };

  return {
    pressBrakePedal: stop,
    pressGasPedal: go
  }

}();

3) Observer

var Subject = function() {
  this.observers = [];

  return {
    subscribeObserver: function(observer) {
      this.observers.push(observer);
    },
    unsubscribeObserver: function(observer) {
      var index = this.observers.indexOf(observer);
      if(index > -1) {
        this.observers.splice(index, 1);
      }
    },
    notifyObserver: function(observer) {
      var index = this.observers.indexOf(observer);
      if(index > -1) {
        this.observers[index].notify(index);
      }
    },
    notifyAllObservers: function() {
      for(var i = 0; i < this.observers.length; i++){
        this.observers[i].notify(i);
      };
    }
  };
};

var Observer = function() {
  return {
    notify: function(index) {
      console.log("Observer " + index + " is notified!");
    }
  }
}

var subject = new Subject();

var observer1 = new Observer();
var observer2 = new Observer();
var observer3 = new Observer();
var observer4 = new Observer();

subject.subscribeObserver(observer1);
subject.subscribeObserver(observer2);
subject.subscribeObserver(observer3);
subject.subscribeObserver(observer4);

subject.notifyObserver(observer2); // Observer 2 is notified!

subject.notifyAllObservers();
// Observer 1 is notified!
// Observer 2 is notified!
// Observer 3 is notified!
// Observer 4 is notified!

4) Singleton

var printer = (function () {

  var printerInstance;

  function create () {

    function print() {
      // underlying printer mechanics
    }

    function turnOn() {
      // warm up
      // check for paper
    }

    return {
      // public + private states and behaviors
      print: print,
      turnOn: turnOn
    };
  }

  return {
    getInstance: function() {
      if(!printerInstance) {
        printerInstance = create();
      }
      return printerInstance;
    }
  };

  function Singleton () {
    if(!printerInstance) {
      printerInstance = intialize();
    }
  };

})();

<script>
    var officePrinter = printer.getInstance();
</script>